Learning the Concept of I‘lal bi al-Qalb through Fathul Qarib by Shaykh Muhammad bin Qasim al-Ghazzi

Abstract

This study discusses I‘lal bi al-Qalb in the book Fathul Qarib by Shaykh Muhammad bin Qasim al-Ghazzi. In Arabic morphology (sharaf), I‘lal bi al-Qalb refers to changes in word forms caused by grammatical and morphological rules, especially the substitution of weak letters (huruf ‘illah). This phenomenon is important in understanding the transformation of Arabic words in various forms such as fi‘il madhi and fi‘il mudhari‘. The purpose of this research is to provide guidance for readers of Fathul Qarib in understanding words that experience the process of I‘lal bi al-Qalb. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method with a library research approach by analyzing words found in one chapter of Fathul Qarib, particularly the chapter on prayer. The findings show several words undergoing I‘lal bi al-Qalb, including qāla (قال), ṣāra (صار), and ‘āda (عاد), where the weak letter wāw is changed into alif to ease pronunciation because wāw is considered one of the heaviest weak letters in Arabic morphology. This research contributes to Arabic linguistic studies, especially in helping students and readers of classical Islamic texts understand morphological changes in Arabic grammar more effectively.