The Relationship of Vaccination with the Effectiveness of Covid-19 Control Policies in Indonesia
Keywords:
Impact of Vaccination, Covid-19 Control Policies, PPKMAbstract
This study aims to analyze the relationship between vaccination and the effectiveness of policies to overcome the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The quantitative analysis method with a dummy variable multiple regression approach was used to examine the vaccination times series data, cases, deaths and recoveries of Covid-19 patients for the period December 2020 – August 2021. The results show vaccination (especially dose 2) and the PPKM policy (Enforcement of Restrictions on Community Activities). have a significant impact on increasing cases, deaths and recoveries of Covid-19. Every 1,000 doses of vaccination has the potential to add 59 recovered patients, 46 new cases and 2 deaths. The impact on recovery is relatively higher than the impact on additional cases and deaths. A similar trend occurs when considering the impact of PPKM policies (micro, emergency and levels 1-4) on the increase in recovery, which is relatively higher than the similar impact on the rate of increase in cases and deaths. The impact on increasing cases and deaths can be said to be a risk that needs to be considered in future policy implementation.References
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Chen R.T., & Orenstein, W.A. (1996). Epidemiologic methods in immunization programs. Epidemiologic Reviews, 18(2): 99-117. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017931
DeRoo, S.S., Pudalov, N.J., & Fu, L.Y. (2020). Planning for a COVID-19 Vaccination Program. JAMA, 323(24):2458-2459. http://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.8711
Edwards K.M., Hackell J.M., & The Committee On Infectious Diseases, The Committee On Practice And Ambulatory Medicine. (2016). Countering vaccine hesitancy. Pediatrics, 138(3), e20162146. http://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-2146
Fu, L.Y., Haimowitz R, & Thompson, D. (2019). Community members trusted by African American parents for vaccine advice. Hum Vaccin Immunother, 15(7-8):1715-1722. http://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2019.1581553
Harirah, Z. & Rizaldi, A. (2020). Merespon Nalar Kebijakan Negara dalam Menangani Pandemi Covid 19 di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik Indonesia 7(1), 36-53.
http://e-repository.unsyiah.ac.id/EKaPI/article/view/17370
Ichsan D. S., Hafid, F., Ramadan, K. & Taqwin, T. (2021). Determinan Kesediaan Masyarakat Menerima Vaksinasi Covid-19 di Sulawesi Tengah. Poltekita: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 15(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.33860/jik.v15i1.430
Junaedi, D., & Salistia, F. (2020). Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Pasar Modal di Indonesia. Al-Kharaj : Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah, 2(2), 109-131. https://doi.org/10.47467/alkharaj.v2i2.112
Junaedi, D., & Salistia, F. (2020). Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Negara-negara Terdampak. Paper Prosiding Simponium Nasional Keuangan Negara (SNKN) 2020. Jakarta: BPPK Kementerian Keuangan RI.
Junaedi, D., & Salistia, F. (2020). Dampak Kawasan dan Status Negara terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Negara-Negara Terdampak Covid-19. Al-Kharaj: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah, 3(1), 37-56. https://doi.org/10.47467/alkharaj.v3i2.187
Junaedi, D., Arsyad, M., Norman, E., Romli, M., & Salistia, F. (2020). Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Stabilitas Moneter Indonesia. Al-Kharaj: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah, 3(1), 17-36. https://doi.org/10.47467/alkharaj.v3i1.149
Junaedi, D., Arsyad, M., & Aurijah, S. (2020). Optimalidasi Investasi Dana Haji Era Pandemi Covid-19. Al-Kharaj: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah, 3(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.47467/alkharaj.v3i1.150
Junaedi, D., Arsyad, M., Salistia, F., & Romli, M. (2021). Dampak Covid-19 terhadap Perekonomian Masyarakat Bogor. Reslaj: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal, 3(2), 206-226. https://doi.org/10.47467/reslaj.v3i2.283
LX/Morning Consult. National Tracking Poll #200395: March 24-25, 2020. LX/Morning Consult; 2020.
Mathieu, E., Ritchie, H., Ortiz-Ospina, E., Roser, M., Hasell, J., Appel, C., Giattino, C & Rodés-Guirao, L. (2021). A global database of COVID-19 vaccinations. Nature Human Behaviour, 5, 947–953. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01122-8
Mo, P.K.-h.; Luo, S.; Wang, S.; Zhao, J.; Zhang, G.; Xie, L.; Lau, J.T.F. (2021). Intention to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccination in China: Application of the Diffusion of Innovations Theory and the Moderating Role of Openness to Experience. Vaccines 2021, 9, 129.
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020129
Mulyani, Sri. 2020. Pemerintah Waspada Dampak Pandemi COVID-19 Terhadap Ekonomi Indonesia. Siaran pers Kementerian Keuangan RI pada 17 April 2020. diakses dari portal https://www.kemenkeu.go.id/publikasi/siaran-pers/siaran-pers-pemerintah-waspada-dampak-pandemi-COVID-19-terhadap-ekonomi-indonesia/ pada 7 Mei 2020 pukul 11.00 WIB.
Pastorino R.Villani L Boccia S. 2021. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on flu and covid-19 vaccination intentions among university students. Vaccines (Basel), 9(2), 70. http://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020070
Qowaid, Q., Junaedi, D., Romli, M., & Primarni, A. (2020). Analisis Persepsi Civitas Akademika terhadap Implementasi Perkuliahan E-Learning Selama Pandemi Covid-19:. Reslaj: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal, 2(2), 114-141. https://doi.org/10.47467/reslaj.v2i2.144
Rowland, C., Johnson, C.Y., & Wan, W. (2020, May 11). Even finding a COVID-19 vaccine won’t be enough to end the pandemic. Washington Post. Accessed May 13, 2020.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/05/11/coronavirus-vaccine-global-supply/
Sanche, S., Lin, Y.T., Xu, C., Romero-Severson, E., Hengartner, N., & Ke, R. (2020). High contagiousness and rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Emerg Infect Dis. 26(7), 1470-1477. http://doi.org/10.3201/eid2607.200282
Trujillo, K.L., & Motta, M. (2020, May 4). A majority of vaccine skeptics plan to refuse a COVID-19 vaccine, a study suggests, and that could be a big problem. Accessed May 6, 2020. https://theconversation.com/a-majority-of-vaccine-skeptics-plan-to-refuse-a-covid-19-vaccine-a-study-suggests-and-that-could-be-a-big-problem-137559
Yancy, C.W. (2020). COVID-19 and African Americans. JAMA, 323(19), 1891-1892. http://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6548
Kempe A, O’Leary ST, Kennedy A, et al. (2015). Physician response to parental requests to spread out the recommended vaccine schedule. Pediatrics. 135(4): 666-677. http://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-3474
Salsabila, S., & Dhamanti, I. Governmental Policies in Managing COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparative Study Between Indonesia and Vietnam, Period of January – March 2020. JIKM [Internet]. 2021 Mar. 31 [cited 2021 Aug. 18];12(1):1-11. https://doi.org/10.26553/jikm.2021.12.1.1-11
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2021-11-18
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The Relationship of Vaccination with the Effectiveness of Covid-19 Control Policies in Indonesia. (2021). ICoIS: International Conference on Islamic Studies, 2(1), 118-133. https://ejournal.iaforis.or.id/index.php/icois/article/view/22
